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The object-oriented basic concept 本文来自think58

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 thinking mode decided solves the question way, the traditional software development uses from the top thought instruction programming, soon the goal divides into certain subtargets, the subtarget further divides again, can program until the goal the realization. The object-oriented technology brings the enormous change for the software design domain, it carries on the procedure development using the software object, the so-called object is contains the data and to the data manipulation code entity, or said is joins some in the traditional construction of data to be called the member function the process, thus entrusts with the object by the movement. But in the programming, the object has with the real world some kind of corresponding relations, we are precisely use this kind of relations to carry on the decomposition to the question. 本文来自think58 [来源：http://www.think58.com]

    Looked from the program language angle that, in an object the code and (or) the data may be this object private, cannot by the object outside part direct visit. Thus the object provided one kind of high-level protection to prevent the procedure has nothing to do with the part wrong revision or has used wrongly the object private part. When attempts from the object to receive directly which protects internal data carries on the revision, by procedure rejection, only then the foreign service function material which provides through the object can to its internal data carry on the essential processing, thus has guaranteed the data processing validity. Says from this significance, is called this kind of code and the data relation “the seal”. In other words, the seal is protects the object seal, is ability which hides the internal detail.

  Entrusts with heavy responsibility the aspect in the emphasis software module, object-oriented technical and the standard industrial design rule has more similarities. In the object-oriented language, the kind is founds the object the key, in fact the kind described a race object public characteristic and the operation, but the object is the concrete realization kind. For example the compact car is a basic concept, it has the color, the geometry size, the dynamic performance characteristic. Then we may define is called “car” the kind, has parameters and so on color, geometry size, dynamic characteristic, as well as description automobile under ambient condition state of motion member function. A concrete compact car is an object, the related parameter has the concrete value in this object, and may (ambient condition parameter) gain this vehicle concrete state of motion through the input explanation variable.

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The object-oriented technology brings the following profit for the software development: think58.com [资料来源：http://www.THINK58.com]

  Reusability. From the very beginning the object production is for the reuse, completes object in next procedure development by part or completely reuse. copyright think58 [资料来源：http://think58.com]

  Reliability. Because the object-oriented application procedure has contained through the test standard part, therefore more reliable. Because the massive codes originate from the mature reliable kind of storehouse, thus develops the procedure the additional code to reduce obviously newly, this is an important reason which the procedure reliability enhances. think58好，好think58 [资料来源：http://www.THINK58.com]

  Continuity. Has object-oriented characteristic C++ and the C language has the very big compatibility, the C programmer may transit quite easily to the C++ language development work. [来源：http://www.think58.com]

The object-oriented language has the following basic characteristic: think58 [资料来源：http://THINK58.com]

  Access control. The object must be able to carry on the protection to its internal certain elements, is they only can by the internal use, but not exterior disturbance. In turn, the object must carry on the relation with other exterior elements, in order to carries on the operation to the object. In C++, the kind has private (private), protection (protected) and the public (public) three kind of visit mechanisms. think58.com [来源：http://www.think58.com]

  Succession. Through to had the object to carry on the method which the increase or the part revise to establish the new object, to had the object to be possible to increase the data and the process, also may carry on to certain processes anew defines. The initial kind is called the base class, expands the kind from the base class to be called derived class. From had the kind of derivation new thingses class is in order to obtain strongly pointed.

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  Polymorphism. The direct positive ecosystem is same, the inheritance constituted a kind of race. In the usual these kind of race's kind has the member function of the same name, for example the OD distribution class race, has an general base class, two derived class: The growth factor OD distribution class and the gravitational model OD distribution class, these kinds all have the Exec member function of the same name. The polymorphism meant existence many kinds of forms, can make the people to activate in the procedure any belong to OD the distribution class race's kind of Exec member function, even in the translation may not need to know specifically the object is belongs to growth factor OD the kind of gravitational model OD distribution class. think58

  The object-oriented architecture technology is helpful to the foundation professional software development organization. For example transportation plan although has the difference, but various cities need the software basically is same, this provided one kind of manufacture for the software development organization (to pay attention to here lecture face the transportation plan software frame is but software frame was not versatile softwares) an opportunity. Once this kind of frame develops successfully, may repeatedly use many times. [资料来源：THINK58.com]

  The object-oriented technology suits specially in reorganizes some domain in software resources the systematization, because it has the very good showing ability, can easy hold the specific field of function the essence. 2.2.2 object-oriented programmings

 for use the object-oriented procedure method effectively, first needs to solve the procedure structural design problem. In the programming process the most important abstract, in other words, abstracts the reasonable object structure from the real world. In the object-oriented thought, had decided abstractly the object foreign image, the internal structure as well as the processing object exterior connection, its key is processes the object obviously exterior characteristic. The seal is and the abstract close relation concept, it needs two basic premises: First, the object must be able to display a complete concept, for example may a path longitudinal section design take an object, it is restricted in the longitudinal section land line, the longitudinal section design variable with exterior relation. After these external conditions assign, the object may calculate the random station number independently the design elevation, the ground elevation, the design elevation difference, fills in digs the area and so on, also may act according to the proportion and the initial coordinates computation composed line and the land line graph coordinates which assigns. Second, object private, for example in the above demonstration, the object internal construction of data in exterior is not obvious, other programmers do not need to understand this kind of construction of data to be possible the user function. Regarding the object connection design is extremely important, it must give the essential visit channel, simultaneously must hide as far as possible the internal detail. We might connection regarding as be some difference channel which opened on the barrier shield, the channel excessively are many have lost the barrier shield existence significance, the channel too few as a result of have limited strongly have moved about with difficulty. In the ordinary circumstances, this kind of channel performance is one

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